Parichay
Santhal Tribe Bharat ki ek sabse badi janjati hai, jo apni rangin sanskriti, prakriti se gehra sambandh, aur atyachar ke viruddh sangharsh ke liye prasiddh hai. Mukhyatah Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha, aur Bihar rajyon me basne wale ye log Bharat ki janjatiya virasat ka ek mehtvapurn ang hain.
Utpatti aur Itihaas
Maanjata hai ki Santhal log Chotanagpur Plateau shetra se utpann hue hain. Paramparagat roop se ve shikari aur krishak rahe hain, jo apni roji-roti ke liye vanopaj par nirbhar karte hain. Bharat ki swatantrata sangharsh me inka yogdan Santhal Vidroh (1855-1856) ke roop me dekha gaya, jise Sidhu aur Kanhu Murmu ne British atyachar aur zamindari vyavastha ke khilaf shuru kiya tha.
Bhasha aur Sahitya
Santhal log Santhali bhasha bolte hain, jo Austroasiatic bhasha parivar se sambandhit hai. Iska lekhit roop Ol Chiki script me hai, jise Pandit Raghunath Murmu ne 1925 me viksit kiya tha. Santhali sahitya me lok geet, kahaniyan, aur kahavat ka samridh bhandaara hai.
Sanskriti aur Parampara
Santhal janjati apni rangin aur utsahpurn sanskriti ke liye prasiddh hai. Iske mukhya tatv hain:
- Santhali Nritya aur Sangeet: Santhalon ka Santhali nritya, jo Tumdak, Tamak, aur Bansuri (flute) jaise vadya yantron ke saath kiya jata hai, bahut lokpriya hai.
- Tyohar: Karam Festival, Sohrai, aur Baha Parab ko bade dhoom-dham se manaya jata hai.
- Kala aur Hastashilp: Santhal chitrakala aur lakdi ki moortiyan inki kala ka pramukh udaharan hain.
Jeevika aur Arthvyavastha
Santhal log mukhyatah krishi, shikar, aur matsyapan se jude hain. Kuch log koyla khadano, chai bagano, aur udhyogon me bhi kaam karte hain. Aadhunikikaran ke bavjood, adhiktar Santhal aaj bhi paramparagat kheti aur vanopaj par nirbhar hain.
Samajik Sanrachna
Santhal samaj ek gotra aadharit vyavastha ka paalan karta hai. Ve samajik samanta aur loktantrik vyavastha ke liye jane jate hain. Any samajik samuhon ke mukable yahan mahilaon ko adhik samman milta hai.
Chunautiyan
Santhal samaj kai chunautiyon ka samna kar raha hai:
- Bhoomi Visthapan: Audyogikaran aur khai karyon ke karan kai Santhal apni purkhon ki bhoomi se vanchit ho rahe hain.
- Shiksha ki kami: Halanki sarkar dwara prayas ho rahe hain, phir bhi adhiktar log uchit shiksha se vanchit hain.
- Arthik Samasya: Berozgaari aur gareebi ek badi samasya hai, jise karan kai log apna gaon chodkar naukri ki talash me nikal rahe hain.
Santhal Sanskriti ka Sanrakshan
Santhalon ki sanskriti ko sanrakshit karne ke liye kai prayas kiye ja rahe hain:
- Santhali bhasha ko 8th Anusuchi me shamil kiya gaya hai.
- Ol Chiki script ko schoolon me shiksha hetu pracharit kiya ja raha hai.
- Sarkar aur NGO dwara behtar shiksha aur rozgaar ke avsar uplabdh karaye ja rahe hain.
Niskarsh
Santhal Tribe ek sahasi, sanskritik roop se samridh, aur apni paramparaon se jude hue samaj ka pratinidhitva karta hai. Aaj bhi ve apni alag pehchaan aur jeevan shailee ko banaye rakhne ka prayas kar rahe hain. Inki virasat ka sanrakshan aur inki samasyaon ka samadhan Bharat ki vividhata ke liye atyavashyak hai.